{"id":2221,"date":"2025-12-19T09:47:06","date_gmt":"2025-12-19T09:47:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/?page_id=2221"},"modified":"2026-10-20T14:47:14","modified_gmt":"2026-10-20T14:47:14","slug":"tissue-transplant-surgery","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/tissue-transplant-surgery\/","title":{"rendered":"Tissue Transplant Surgery"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1422188904\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n  <div id=\"page-header-1237661949\" class=\"page-header-wrapper\">\n  <div class=\"page-title dark simple-title\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"page-title-inner container align-center text-center flex-row-col medium-flex-wrap\" >\n              <div class=\"title-wrapper is-xlarge flex-col\">\n          <h1 class=\"entry-title mb-0\">\n            Tissue Transplant Surgery in Ankara, Turkey          <\/h1>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"title-content flex-col\">\n        <div class=\"title-breadcrumbs pb-half pt-half\"><\/div>      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n     \n<style>\n#page-header-1237661949 .page-title-inner {\n  min-height: 150px;\n}\n#page-header-1237661949 .title-overlay {\n  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);\n}\n<\/style>\n  <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1422188904 {\n  padding-top: 0px;\n  padding-bottom: 0px;\n  background-color: #213360;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1577456660\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1839762549\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-925910220\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<p>Composite tissue transplantation is an advanced transplant method that includes multiple tissue types together (such as skin, muscle, bone, blood vessels, and nerves) and is typically performed using microsurgical techniques. The most common applications are face, arm, and hand transplants.<\/p>\n<p>This procedure is preferred for severe tissue losses that cannot be reconstructed with conventional reconstructive surgeries. The transplanted tissue is harvested from a donor, and vascular and nerve connections are reconstructed to match the recipient. In this way, both aesthetic and functional integrity can be achieved.<\/p>\n<p>Composite tissue transplantation requires high technical precision to preserve viability and restore movement and sensation. Lifelong immunosuppressive therapy is mandatory to prevent rejection; this requires careful follow-up and disciplined care.<\/p>\n<p>With successful transplants, not only patients\u2019 physical appearance but also their social and psychological adaptation can improve significantly. Composite tissue transplantation is one of the most advanced applications of reconstructive surgery and is carried out through multidisciplinary teamwork.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>What You Need to Know<\/td>\n<td>Information<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Definition<\/td>\n<td>Composite tissue transplantation is the microsurgical transplantation of a structure that contains multiple tissues (such as skin, muscle, nerves, bone, and blood vessels) from one person to another. The most common types are face and arm transplantation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Purpose<\/td>\n<td>To restore complex structures (face, hand, arm, etc.) lost due to trauma, burns, tumors, or congenital anomalies\u2014both aesthetically and functionally; to improve quality of life and social adaptation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Areas of Application<\/td>\n<td>Face transplantation, arm\/elbow\/hand transplantation, leg transplantation (rare), and highly complex conditions such as larynx and abdominal wall transplantation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tissues Included<\/td>\n<td>Skin, muscle, bone, nerves, tendons, blood vessels, connective tissue \u2014 all transplanted together as a composite unit.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Type of Anesthesia<\/td>\n<td>All procedures are performed under general anesthesia.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Operation Duration<\/td>\n<td>Depending on the scope, it may take 12\u201324 hours or longer. Requires team-based, multidisciplinary work.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Recovery Process<\/td>\n<td>Including intensive care, hospital stay may be 2\u20134 weeks. Full recovery and functional return may take 1 year or longer. Rehabilitation is long-term.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Risks and Complications<\/td>\n<td>Rejection reactions (acute\/chronic), infection, thrombosis, tissue loss, infection and organ toxicity due to long-term immunosuppressive drug use, psychological adaptation difficulties.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Longevity<\/td>\n<td>After successful transplantation, structure and function can be permanent; however, lifelong follow-up and medication are required to manage rejection risk.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Eligibility Criteria<\/td>\n<td>Individuals who have lost complex tissues such as the hand\/face due to trauma, tumors, or congenital causes; immunologically suitable; with psychological and social support infrastructure; and who have passed ethical and legal approval processes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Preoperative Preparation<\/td>\n<td>Detailed physical and psychological evaluation, tissue compatibility testing, HLA matching, immunologic screening, transplant committee approval, multidisciplinary medical board assessment.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Postoperative Care<\/td>\n<td>Lifelong immunosuppressive therapy, regular laboratory tests, monitoring for signs of rejection, psychological support, physical therapy and rehabilitation, aesthetic and functional evaluation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Alternative Approaches<\/td>\n<td>Prosthetic applications (mechanical hand, facial prosthesis\/mask, etc.), reconstruction with local or free tissue flaps; however, these may not provide the same level of functional and aesthetic integrity as composite tissue transplantation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Evaluation Process<\/td>\n<td>A long evaluation process is carried out considering the recipient\u2019s overall health, immune compatibility, severity of trauma, functional expectations, psychosocial support structure, and ethical approvals before a transplant decision is made.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-925910220 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -45px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1577456660 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_975211178\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1329608661\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-563953732\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner dark\" style=\"background-color:#213360;\" >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row align-middle\"  id=\"row-532312997\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-946950472\" class=\"col medium-4 small-12 large-4\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover border-gorsel x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_645279811\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"533\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/DSC08566-1-533x800.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/DSC08566-1-533x800.webp 533w, https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/DSC08566-1-267x400.webp 267w, https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/DSC08566-1.webp 720w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_645279811 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-946950472 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -10px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1951954221\" class=\"col medium-8 small-12 large-8\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"text-1407416033\" class=\"text\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<div><strong><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\">Prof. Dr. Serdar Nas\u0131r<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 63%;\"><br \/>Specialist in Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\n<style>\n#text-1407416033 {\n  font-size: 1.55rem;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #text-1407416033 {\n    font-size: 1.85rem;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n<p>He completed his medical education at Ankara University Faculty of Medicine in 1996 and his specialty training between 1996\u20132002 at Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery.<\/p>\r\n<p>Between 2002\u20132009, he worked at S\u00fcleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery.<\/p>\r\n<p>Since 2009, he has been working at Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery. He received the title of Associate Professor in 2011. In 2019, Dr. Nas\u0131r became a Professor and continues to work as a faculty member in this position.<\/p>\r\n<a href=\"\/en\/about-me\/\" class=\"button white\" style=\"border-radius:5px;\">\n\t\t<span>View More<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1951954221 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -10px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-563953732 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 30px 25px 0px 25px;\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n  border-radius: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_975211178 {\n  padding-top: 0px;\n  padding-bottom: 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1874081199\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1100528602\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-283272121\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/tissue-transplant-surgery\/#What_Is_Composite_Tissue_Transplantation\" >What Is Composite Tissue Transplantation?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/tissue-transplant-surgery\/#How_has_Turkey_historically_developed_in_the_field_of_composite_tissue_transplantation\" >How has Turkey historically developed in the field of composite tissue transplantation?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/tissue-transplant-surgery\/#Which_patients_are_considered_suitable_candidates_for_composite_tissue_transplantation\" >Which patients are considered suitable candidates for composite tissue transplantation?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/tissue-transplant-surgery\/#What_is_considered_when_evaluating_composite_tissue_for_face_transplantation\" >What is considered when evaluating composite tissue for face transplantation?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/tissue-transplant-surgery\/#How_is_composite_tissue_compatibility_ensured_between_recipient_and_donor\" >How is composite tissue compatibility ensured between recipient and donor?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/tissue-transplant-surgery\/#What_stages_does_composite_tissue_transfer_go_through_during_surgery\" >What stages does composite tissue transfer go through during surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/tissue-transplant-surgery\/#How_does_the_immune_system_respond_to_transplanted_composite_tissue\" >How does the immune system respond to transplanted composite tissue?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/tissue-transplant-surgery\/#How_do_patients_psychologically_integrate_with_composite_tissue_in_this_process\" >How do patients psychologically integrate with composite tissue in this process?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/tissue-transplant-surgery\/#Why_is_rehabilitation_vital_after_composite_tissue_transplantation\" >Why is rehabilitation vital after composite tissue transplantation?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/tissue-transplant-surgery\/#How_is_composite_tissue_transplantation_regulated_legally_and_ethically_in_Turkey\" >How is composite tissue transplantation regulated legally and ethically in Turkey?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/tissue-transplant-surgery\/#Which_other_specialized_composite_tissue_transplants_can_be_performed_besides_face_and_arm\" >Which other specialized composite tissue transplants can be performed besides face and arm?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/tissue-transplant-surgery\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions\" >Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_Composite_Tissue_Transplantation\"><\/span>What Is Composite Tissue Transplantation?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Composite tissue transplantation is the transfer of anatomical structures that include multiple tissue types\u2014such as skin, muscle, bone, nerves, and blood vessels\u2014as a single unit. It is most commonly applied in face, hand, and arm transplants. This procedure aims to restore function and aesthetic appearance after severe trauma, burns, or congenital deficiencies. Long-term immunosuppressive therapy is required after transplantation to prevent immune rejection.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_has_Turkey_historically_developed_in_the_field_of_composite_tissue_transplantation\"><\/span>How has Turkey historically developed in the field of composite tissue transplantation?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Our country is not only a regional powerhouse in organ transplantation but also a globally recognized reference center. This success was not achieved overnight; it is built upon decades of microsurgical expertise and bold steps. Although organ transplantation efforts in Turkey began in the late 1960s, the transition to composite tissue transplantation became possible with the refinement of microsurgical techniques and the development of immunosuppressive therapies. Foundations laid in the 1970s began to bear fruit from 2010 onward, leading to successive achievements that entered world medical history.<\/p>\n<p>Long-established institutions such as Akdeniz University, Hacettepe University, and Gazi University have been the driving forces of this process. The short period between 2010 and 2012, in particular, can be regarded as a golden era when Turkish plastic surgery proved its maturity. The operations performed during this time were not only technical successes; they also became milestones that shaped ethical debates, legal regulations, and immunologic protocols. Antalya\u2019s rise to the status of a \u201ctransplant city\u201d and the academic depth of universities in Ankara have made Turkey a beacon of hope for international patients as well.<\/p>\n<p>Key dates and events in Turkey\u2019s process include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>25 September 2010<\/li>\n<li>9 August 2011<\/li>\n<li>21 January 2012<\/li>\n<li>24 February 2012<\/li>\n<li>17 March 2012<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_patients_are_considered_suitable_candidates_for_composite_tissue_transplantation\"><\/span>Which patients are considered suitable candidates for composite tissue transplantation?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>These operations are not suitable for every patient with limb loss or facial deformity. For a plastic surgeon, these procedures are not \u201clife-saving\u201d operations that eliminate an immediate life-threatening condition; rather, they are \u201cquality-of-life enhancing\u201d procedures that elevate the patient\u2019s living standard. This fine line is the most important criterion in patient selection. There must be a rational balance between the risks the patient will take and the benefits they will gain. Considering the side effects of immunosuppressive drugs, this risk is not taken for losses that can be managed with a simple scar revision or a functional prosthesis.<\/p>\n<p>Candidates must be ready for this process both physically and mentally. Those with a history of malignant tumors, active infection, or psychological issues that would undermine post-transplant adherence cannot be included in this program. The goal is not merely to attach a new organ to a patient, but to reintegrate them into social life, work life, and human relationships.<\/p>\n<p>Key criteria sought in upper extremity transplantation include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Bilateral arm loss<\/li>\n<li>Below-elbow amputation level<\/li>\n<li>Need for immunosuppressive medication use<\/li>\n<li>Loss of the dominant side<\/li>\n<li>Asymmetric amputations<\/li>\n<li>Insufficiency of conventional methods<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-283272121 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -45px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1874081199 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_895839271\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1347503792\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-229385726\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"is-border\"\n\t\tstyle=\"border-color:rgb(33, 51, 96);border-radius:10px;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;\">\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row align-middle\"  id=\"row-96120954\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-758948850\" class=\"col medium-8 small-12 large-8\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"text-3040034887\" class=\"text\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<div><strong>Contact us to get information about treatments and create an appointment!<\/strong><\/div>\r\n\t\t\n<style>\n#text-3040034887 {\n  font-size: 1.25rem;\n  text-align: center;\n  color: #213360;\n}\n#text-3040034887 > * {\n  color: #213360;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #text-3040034887 {\n    text-align: left;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-709651537\" class=\"col medium-4 small-12 large-4\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner text-right\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send\/?phone=905330852159\" class=\"button success\" style=\"border-radius:5px;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t<span>Contact via WhatsApp<\/span>\n\t<i class=\"icon-whatsapp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a>\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-229385726 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 30px 15px 0px 15px;\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-229385726 > .col-inner {\n    padding: 30px 20px 0px 20px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_895839271 {\n  padding-top: 0px;\n  padding-bottom: 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_2045078007\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-354868908\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-871350666\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_considered_when_evaluating_composite_tissue_for_face_transplantation\"><\/span>What is considered when evaluating composite tissue for face transplantation?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Face transplantation is a procedure with deep functional and social goals far beyond aesthetic concerns. The concept of \u201ccosmetic surgery\u201d is insufficient here. A patient with severe facial damage not only avoids looking in the mirror; they may also be unable to eat, speak properly, close their eyelids, or breathe comfortably. These patients are often individuals who have become completely isolated from society and confined to their homes.<\/p>\n<p>The primary goal in face transplantation is to achieve an appearance that allows the patient to \u201cgo out among people\u201d and to restore basic vital functions. Restoring mouth opening means the patient can move from being fed with a straw to eating solid foods. Reconstructing the eyelids prevents the cornea from drying out and avoids blindness. Creating nasal structures enables comfortable breathing. Perhaps most importantly, restoring the facial muscles is critical. A patient who can express emotions\u2014smile or show sadness\u2014feels human again.<\/p>\n<p>Key gains targeted in face transplantation include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Restoring mouth opening<\/li>\n<li>Regaining eating function<\/li>\n<li>Improving speech ability<\/li>\n<li>Eyelid function<\/li>\n<li>Corneal protection<\/li>\n<li>Nasal airway patency<\/li>\n<li>Facial expression control<\/li>\n<li>Ability to express emotions<\/li>\n<li>Social integration<\/li>\n<li>Psychosocial recovery<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_is_composite_tissue_compatibility_ensured_between_recipient_and_donor\"><\/span>How is composite tissue compatibility ensured between recipient and donor?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>For a successful transplant, it is not enough for medical tests to be compatible; visual and structural compatibility must also be achieved. This is not required in other organ transplants. The color or shape of a liver is not visible from the outside, but in a face or hand transplant, the new tissue must integrate with the patient\u2019s body. Therefore, when a donor is found, doctors examine the match with the meticulousness of an artist.<\/p>\n<p>On the biological side, blood group is the most basic determinant. While Rh factor compatibility may not be strictly required, the ABO system must match. Tissue type compatibility (HLA) is not as strictly regulated as in classic organ transplants, but it is closely monitored to manage rejection risk. The most challenging process is matching physical characteristics. The size of the transplanted hand, bone thickness, skin color, and hair pattern should be compatible with the recipient\u2019s other hand or body structure. In face transplantation, factors such as age, sex, and cranial structure come into play.<\/p>\n<p>Main parameters evaluated for recipient\u2013donor compatibility include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Blood group<\/li>\n<li>Sex<\/li>\n<li>Age range<\/li>\n<li>Skin color<\/li>\n<li>Tissue tone<\/li>\n<li>Hair density<\/li>\n<li>Bone structure<\/li>\n<li>Extremity size<\/li>\n<li>Anthropometric measurements<\/li>\n<li>Viral serology<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_stages_does_composite_tissue_transfer_go_through_during_surgery\"><\/span>What stages does composite tissue transfer go through during surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Composite tissue transplantation operations are the peak of surgery and truly a marathon. These operations usually last 8 to 12 hours, but can sometimes reach 24 hours. Multiple teams work simultaneously in the operating room. While one team removes the tissue from the donor without damage\u2014preserving vascular and nerve pedicles\u2014the other team prepares the recipient. Timing is everything; the shorter the ischemia time (the period without blood flow), the higher the chance of success.<\/p>\n<p>During the operation, the principle of \u201cstructure first, then function\u201d is followed. First, bones are fixed with plates and screws\u2014like establishing the framework of a building. After the skeletal system is secured, the most delicate microsurgical phase begins. Arteries and veins are connected under the microscope with sutures far thinner than a hair. When blood flow is restored, seeing the pale, lifeless tissue suddenly turn pink and warm is a mesmerizing moment for everyone in the operating room. But it does not end there: muscles, tendons, and nerves are repaired one by one. Nerve repair is critical for future movement and sensation.<\/p>\n<p>Key steps in the surgical procedure include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tissue harvest<\/li>\n<li>Recipient site preparation<\/li>\n<li>Osteosynthesis<\/li>\n<li>Arterial anastomosis<\/li>\n<li>Venous anastomosis<\/li>\n<li>Nerve coaptation<\/li>\n<li>Tendon repair<\/li>\n<li>Muscle group transfer<\/li>\n<li>Skin coverage<\/li>\n<li>Drain placement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-871350666 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -45px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_2045078007 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_243025551\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1609751383\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1495854094\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"is-border\"\n\t\tstyle=\"border-color:rgb(33, 51, 96);border-radius:10px;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;\">\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1781625376\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-628742636\" class=\"col medium-7 small-12 large-7\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"text-1770771340\" class=\"text\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Contact Us!<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\n<style>\n#text-1770771340 {\n  font-size: 2rem;\n  text-align: center;\n  color: #1f437b;\n}\n#text-1770771340 > * {\n  color: #1f437b;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #text-1770771340 {\n    text-align: left;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\t<div id=\"text-4264820773\" class=\"text\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<div>Contact us to get information about treatments and create an appointment!<\/div>\r\n\t\t\n<style>\n#text-4264820773 {\n  font-size: 1.25rem;\n  text-align: center;\n  color: #2d304e;\n}\n#text-4264820773 > * {\n  color: #2d304e;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #text-4264820773 {\n    text-align: left;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-628742636 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-628742636 > .col-inner {\n    margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1892984679\" class=\"col medium-5 small-12 large-5\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\n<div class=\"wpcf7 no-js\" id=\"wpcf7-f1791-o1\" lang=\"en-US\" dir=\"ltr\" data-wpcf7-id=\"1791\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-response\"><p role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/p> <ul><\/ul><\/div>\n<form action=\"\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2221#wpcf7-f1791-o1\" method=\"post\" class=\"wpcf7-form init\" aria-label=\"Contact form\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\">\n<fieldset class=\"hidden-fields-container\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7\" value=\"1791\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_version\" value=\"6.2.3\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_locale\" value=\"en_US\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_unit_tag\" value=\"wpcf7-f1791-o1\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_container_post\" value=\"0\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_posted_data_hash\" value=\"\" \/>\n<\/fieldset>\n<div class=\"randevu-form\">\n\t<div class=\"form-row\">\n\t\t<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"text-340\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" autocomplete=\"name\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Full Name\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"text-340\" \/><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"tel-10\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-tel wpcf7-validates-as-required wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-tel\" autocomplete=\"name\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Phone\" value=\"\" type=\"tel\" name=\"tel-10\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"form-full\">\n\t\t<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"text-342\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" autocomplete=\"name\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Briefly write the subject\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"text-342\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<p><button type=\"submit\">Create Appointment<\/button>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/div><p style=\"display: none !important;\" class=\"akismet-fields-container\" data-prefix=\"_wpcf7_ak_\"><label>&#916;<textarea name=\"_wpcf7_ak_hp_textarea\" cols=\"45\" rows=\"8\" maxlength=\"100\"><\/textarea><\/label><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"ak_js_1\" name=\"_wpcf7_ak_js\" value=\"49\"\/><script>\ndocument.getElementById( \"ak_js_1\" ).setAttribute( \"value\", ( new Date() ).getTime() );\n<\/script>\n<\/p><div class=\"wpcf7-response-output\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1892984679 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -20px 0px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-1892984679 > .col-inner {\n    margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1495854094 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 30px 15px 0px 15px;\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-1495854094 > .col-inner {\n    padding: 30px 20px 0px 20px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_243025551 {\n  padding-top: 0px;\n  padding-bottom: 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_620420458\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1120301648\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-2054638013\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_does_the_immune_system_respond_to_transplanted_composite_tissue\"><\/span>How does the immune system respond to transplanted composite tissue?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Our defense system distinguishes perfectly between \u201cself\u201d and \u201cforeign.\u201d Composite tissue transplantation is among the most provocative procedures for the immune system. The main reason is the skin. Because skin is a barrier that protects us from microbes in the outside world, it is rich in immune cells (such as Langerhans cells). When these cells encounter foreign tissue, they sound the alarm very quickly. Therefore, acute rejection episodes can occur more frequently and more severely in face or arm transplant patients compared to liver or kidney transplantation.<\/p>\n<p>To manage this, patients must take lifelong immunosuppressive medications. These drugs \u201cquiet\u201d the immune system and prevent it from attacking the new tissue. However, this also makes the body more vulnerable to infections and other illnesses. Doctors constantly adjust dosages to maintain the balance\u2014neither too little (risking rejection) nor too much (making the patient ill). Signs of rejection often first appear as redness or rash on the skin, which can be an advantage for early detection.<\/p>\n<p>Elements used in immunologic monitoring and treatment include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Calcineurin inhibitors<\/li>\n<li>Antimetabolites<\/li>\n<li>Corticosteroids<\/li>\n<li>Skin biopsies<\/li>\n<li>Banff grading system<\/li>\n<li>T-lymphocyte counting<\/li>\n<li>Cytokine profile monitoring<\/li>\n<li>Drug blood-level measurement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_do_patients_psychologically_integrate_with_composite_tissue_in_this_process\"><\/span>How do patients psychologically integrate with composite tissue in this process?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A person\u2019s face is their window to the world; their hands are the tool through which they establish physical contact with the world. Changing such personal and visible regions can have profound effects on mental health. After surgery, the patient must integrate parts that once belonged to someone else into their own body when looking in the mirror or at their hands. This process is called \u201cintegration of the sense of bodily integrity.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>In face transplantation, this is even more delicate. The new face is neither the donor\u2019s former face nor the recipient\u2019s original face. Donor tissue placed onto the recipient\u2019s bone structure creates a completely new, hybrid appearance. The patient must accept and learn to love this \u201cnew self.\u201d This adaptation process can be as long and challenging as surgical healing. Reactions from family and the environment play a key role in the patient embracing this new identity. Therefore, preoperative psychiatric evaluations are strict. Suicidal tendencies, personality disorders, or unrealistic expectations are absolute contraindications.<\/p>\n<p>Components of psychological evaluation and support include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Body image perception<\/li>\n<li>Identity adaptation<\/li>\n<li>Realistic expectation analysis<\/li>\n<li>Family support system<\/li>\n<li>Social phobia assessment<\/li>\n<li>Depression screening<\/li>\n<li>History of addiction<\/li>\n<li>Ability to adhere<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_is_rehabilitation_vital_after_composite_tissue_transplantation\"><\/span>Why is rehabilitation vital after composite tissue transplantation?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The final stitch placed on the operating table is not the end of the process\u2014it is actually only the beginning. If surgical success is 50%, the remaining 50% depends entirely on rehabilitation. It is not enough for a transplanted hand or face to simply remain in place; it must move, feel, and live. However, nerve healing takes time. Nerve ends advance at an average rate of about 1 millimeter per day. This means that in an elbow-level transplant, it can take months for signals to reach the fingertips.<\/p>\n<p>This waiting period is not passive. Physical therapy begins immediately after discharge and can continue for years. The brain\u2019s \u201chand\u201d or \u201cface\u201d map must be redrawn. Thanks to brain plasticity, the patient retrains the brain by repeatedly attempting movements they cannot yet perform. Passive stretching, electrical stimulation, and mirror therapy help prevent muscle wasting and joint stiffness. Without full adherence, even the most perfect surgery can result in a stiff, nonfunctional limb.<\/p>\n<p>Main stages of rehabilitation include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Passive joint movements<\/li>\n<li>Active-assisted exercises<\/li>\n<li>Muscle strengthening<\/li>\n<li>Fine motor skill training<\/li>\n<li>Sensory re-education<\/li>\n<li>Hot and cold perception training<\/li>\n<li>Grasping exercises<\/li>\n<li>Facial expression training<\/li>\n<li>Activities of daily living<\/li>\n<li>Occupational therapy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_is_composite_tissue_transplantation_regulated_legally_and_ethically_in_Turkey\"><\/span>How is composite tissue transplantation regulated legally and ethically in Turkey?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Turkey has not left such a complex medical procedure solely to surgeons\u2019 initiative; it has established a strong legal and ethical framework at world standards. Regulations issued by the Ministry of Health clearly define in which centers, by whom, and under which rules these operations can be performed. \u201cComposite Tissue Transplant Councils\u201d established in licensed centers convene for each case and make joint decisions. These councils include not only surgeons, but also psychiatrists and other specialists:<\/p>\n<p>Ethically, the most important principle is \u201cdo no harm.\u201d While aiming to improve a patient\u2019s quality of life, one must not place them under the lifelong burden of severe disease risks. Privacy is also extremely sensitive. The donor family\u2019s identity and the recipient\u2019s images should not be used as advertising material, and the patient\u2019s dignity must be protected. Debates following extreme cases\u2014such as four-extremity transplantation at Hacettepe University\u2014have helped clarify these ethical boundaries further and contributed to an approach centered on patient safety.<\/p>\n<p>Main pillars of the legal and ethical framework include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Composite Tissue Transplant Council approval<\/li>\n<li>Requirement of a licensed center<\/li>\n<li>Bioethics Association principles<\/li>\n<li>Do no harm principle<\/li>\n<li>Protection of privacy<\/li>\n<li>Fair organ allocation<\/li>\n<li>National Coordination System<\/li>\n<li>Informed consent<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_other_specialized_composite_tissue_transplants_can_be_performed_besides_face_and_arm\"><\/span>Which other specialized composite tissue transplants can be performed besides face and arm?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Expertise in this field is not limited to the face and hand. Turkish surgeons\u2014and world medicine\u2014have demonstrated that other tissues and organs can also be transplanted. These specialized transplants are typically performed for very specific and rare indications, but their contribution to medical literature is significant.<\/p>\n<p>For example, intestinal transplantation can be life-saving in patients with multiple organ failure involving the intestines along with organs such as the stomach and pancreas. These operations restore continuity of the digestive system and free the patient from intravenous nutrition. Another important area is uterus transplantation. This procedure, which gives women who were born without a uterus or lost it the chance of motherhood, is among the most miraculous achievements of reconstructive transplantation. Penile transplantation, performed to restore both sexual function and the urinary system in patients who have lost the organ due to trauma or cancer, can also have a tremendous impact on psychological recovery.<\/p>\n<p>Other types of composite tissue transplantation include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Intestinal transplantation<\/li>\n<li>Uterus transplantation<\/li>\n<li>Penile transplantation<\/li>\n<li>Abdominal wall transplantation<\/li>\n<li>Larynx transplantation<\/li>\n<li>Trachea transplantation<\/li>\n<li>Lower extremity transplantation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t<div id=\"text-1863359366\" class=\"text\">\n\t\t\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\t\t\n<style>\n#text-1863359366 {\n  font-size: 1.25rem;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<div class=\"accordion\">\n\t<div id=\"accordion-393743027\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-393743027-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-is-composite-tissue-transplantation?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-393743027-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>What is composite tissue transplantation?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-393743027-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-393743027-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Composite tissue transplantation is the microsurgical transplantation of multiple tissue types (skin, muscle, bone, blood vessels, and nerves) harvested together from another person. It includes transplantation of complex structures such as the hand, face, and leg.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2018614285\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2018614285-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-in-which-situations-is-composite-tissue-transplantation-performed?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2018614285-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>In which situations is composite tissue transplantation performed?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2018614285-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2018614285-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>It is performed to restore aesthetic and functional integrity in individuals with major tissue loss due to severe trauma, cancer surgery, or congenital absence.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2836961479\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2836961479-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-which-organs-or-tissues-fall-under-composite-transplantation?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2836961479-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Which organs or tissues fall under composite transplantation?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2836961479-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2836961479-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Structures that are important both functionally and aesthetically\u2014such as the face, hand, arm, leg, uterus, and penis\u2014can be reconstructed within the scope of composite tissue transplantation.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1097608739\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1097608739-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-will-the-body-reject-the-transplanted-tissue?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1097608739-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Will the body reject the transplanted tissue?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1097608739-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1097608739-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Yes. As with other organ transplants, the immune system may recognize the new tissue as foreign. Therefore, lifelong immunosuppressive medications must be used.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-93839506\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-93839506-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-can-sensation-and-movement-be-regained-after-composite-tissue-transplantation?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-93839506-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Can sensation and movement be regained after composite tissue transplantation?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-93839506-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-93839506-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>If nerve repairs are performed successfully, sensation and movement can be regained over time. This process can take months and must be supported with intensive rehabilitation.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1138106722\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1138106722-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-does-the-physical-therapy-process-work-after-transplantation?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1138106722-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How does the physical therapy process work after transplantation?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1138106722-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1138106722-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>A long and intensive physical therapy process is required. Personalized exercises and rehabilitation programs are implemented to help the new tissues gain function.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3445070728\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3445070728-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-long-does-composite-tissue-transplantation-surgery-take?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3445070728-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How long does composite tissue transplantation surgery take?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3445070728-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3445070728-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>These surgeries are highly complex and lengthy. Hand or face transplants typically take 10\u201320 hours, and multiple surgical teams work simultaneously.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3473104219\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3473104219-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-soon-can-a-patient-return-to-normal-life-after-transplantation?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3473104219-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How soon can a patient return to normal life after transplantation?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3473104219-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3473104219-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Initial healing takes about 1\u20132 months. However, full functional recovery, medication stabilization, and psychological adaptation can take longer than 1 year.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-4004950282\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-4004950282-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-is-a-donor-found-for-composite-tissue-transplantation?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-4004950282-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How is a donor found for composite tissue transplantation?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-4004950282-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-4004950282-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Composite tissue transplants are performed using deceased donors. Blood group, tissue compatibility, and physical characteristics are evaluated to achieve the best match for the recipient.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-1187078007\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-1187078007-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-does-composite-tissue-transplantation-affect-a-patient\u2019s-quality-of-life?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-1187078007-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How does composite tissue transplantation affect a patient\u2019s quality of life?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-1187078007-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-1187078007-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Restoring structures such as the hand or face can lead to significant improvement both aesthetically and functionally. Return to social life, independence, and self-confidence often increase markedly.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-2054638013 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -45px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_620420458 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2220,"parent":2199,"menu_order":11,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-blank.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2221","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2221","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2221"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2221\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2267,"href":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2221\/revisions\/2267"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2199"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2221"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}