{"id":2217,"date":"2025-12-24T11:06:16","date_gmt":"2025-12-24T11:06:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/?page_id=2217"},"modified":"2026-10-20T14:47:01","modified_gmt":"2026-10-20T14:47:01","slug":"pressure-ulcer-decubitus-treatment","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/pressure-ulcer-decubitus-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"Pressure Ulcer (Decubitus) Treatment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_265206858\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n  <div id=\"page-header-939778360\" class=\"page-header-wrapper\">\n  <div class=\"page-title dark simple-title\">\n\n    \n    <div class=\"page-title-inner container align-center text-center flex-row-col medium-flex-wrap\" >\n              <div class=\"title-wrapper is-xlarge flex-col\">\n          <h1 class=\"entry-title mb-0\">\n            Pressure Ulcer (Decubitus) Treatment in Ankara, Turkey          <\/h1>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"title-content flex-col\">\n        <div class=\"title-breadcrumbs pb-half pt-half\"><\/div>      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n     \n<style>\n#page-header-939778360 .page-title-inner {\n  min-height: 150px;\n}\n#page-header-939778360 .title-overlay {\n  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);\n}\n<\/style>\n  <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  \n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_265206858 {\n  padding-top: 0px;\n  padding-bottom: 0px;\n  background-color: #213360;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_603250943\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-396185253\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-2109007880\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<p>Pressure ulcer (decubitus ulcer) reconstruction includes the surgical and supportive treatment of tissue loss that develops in the skin and underlying tissues due to prolonged bed rest or immobility. The goal is to control infection, promote wound healing, and prevent recurrence.<\/p>\n<p>In early-stage wounds, conservative treatment is applied with pressure-relieving measures, wound care, and nutritional support. In advanced stages, surgical intervention is required. Non-viable tissues are removed, infected areas are debrided, and a transition to healthy tissue is ensured.<\/p>\n<p>In extensive tissue losses, flap surgery is used to transfer durable, well-vascularized tissues to the wound area. The region is re-covered using gluteal, lumbar, or muscle flaps. This technique accelerates healing and makes the wound area more resistant to pressure.<\/p>\n<p>After treatment, preventive strategies such as repositioning, specialized mattress systems, and skin care should be implemented. Nutritional supplementation and multidisciplinary follow-up increase the success of the reconstruction. With proper planning, permanent healing and improved quality of life can be achieved.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>What You Need to Know<\/td>\n<td>Information<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Definition<\/td>\n<td>A pressure ulcer (decubitus ulcer) is tissue loss that develops due to impaired circulation in the skin and underlying tissues caused by prolonged pressure. Reconstruction includes surgical closure procedures in advanced stages.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Purpose<\/td>\n<td>To close the open wound area, eliminate the risk of infection, restore tissue integrity and function, and improve the patient\u2019s quality of life.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Staging<\/td>\n<td>Stage 1: Skin rednessStage 2: Superficial ulcerStage 3: Full-thickness skin lossStage 4: Full-thickness tissue loss with exposure of deep structures such as bone, tendon, or muscle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Areas of Application<\/td>\n<td>Regions exposed to prolonged pressure such as the sacrum (tailbone), hip, heel, back, behind the knee, and ankle.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Surgical Methods<\/td>\n<td>Debridement (removal of dead tissue), negative pressure wound therapy (VAC), skin graft, local flaps, gluteal\/latissimus dorsi flap, free tissue transfer.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Type of Anesthesia<\/td>\n<td>Local or general anesthesia is used depending on the depth of the wound and the type of reconstruction.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Operation Duration<\/td>\n<td>Varies by reconstruction type; simple grafting may take 1\u20132 hours, flap surgeries may take 3\u20136 hours.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Recovery Process<\/td>\n<td>May take 2\u20138 weeks depending on wound depth. Bed rest and pressure protection are critical during this period.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Risks and Complications<\/td>\n<td>Recurrence of the wound, infection, flap loss, tissue necrosis, wound dehiscence, scar formation, prolonged care requirement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Longevity<\/td>\n<td>The result is permanent after successful surgery; however, pressure ulcers may recur if risk factors persist.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Eligibility Criteria<\/td>\n<td>Individuals who must remain bedridden for long periods, have neurological disorders, limited mobility, inadequate nutrition, and are medically fit for surgery.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Preoperative Preparation<\/td>\n<td>Assessment of wound depth and infection, blood tests, nutritional analysis, infection control, imaging (if needed), multidisciplinary planning.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Postoperative Care<\/td>\n<td>Repositioning, use of special mattresses\/pressure-relieving cushions, wound hygiene, infection monitoring, nutritional support, physical therapy, and nursing care.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Alternative Approaches<\/td>\n<td>For superficial stages: topical creams, barrier products, hydrogel\/dressing therapies, medical honey (manuka), autologous PRP; insufficient in advanced stages.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Evaluation Process<\/td>\n<td>An individualized surgical or conservative plan is made by considering the wound stage, size of tissue loss, presence of infection, nutritional status, and comorbidities.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-2109007880 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -45px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_603250943 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_368647293\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-107236665\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1371983440\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner dark\" style=\"background-color:#213360;\" >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row align-middle\"  id=\"row-1998217241\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1582861463\" class=\"col medium-4 small-12 large-4\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div class=\"img has-hover border-gorsel x md-x lg-x y md-y lg-y\" id=\"image_48560654\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"img-inner dark\" >\n\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"533\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/DSC08566-1-533x800.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/DSC08566-1-533x800.webp 533w, https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/DSC08566-1-267x400.webp 267w, https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/DSC08566-1.webp 720w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 533px) 100vw, 533px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#image_48560654 {\n  width: 100%;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1582861463 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -10px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1329322941\" class=\"col medium-8 small-12 large-8\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"text-940873838\" class=\"text\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<div><strong><span style=\"font-size: 110%;\">Prof. Dr. Serdar Nas\u0131r<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 63%;\"><br \/>Specialist in Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hand Surgery<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\n<style>\n#text-940873838 {\n  font-size: 1.55rem;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #text-940873838 {\n    font-size: 1.85rem;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n<p>He completed his medical education at Ankara University Faculty of Medicine in 1996 and his specialty training between 1996\u20132002 at Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery.<\/p>\r\n<p>Between 2002\u20132009, he worked at S\u00fcleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery.<\/p>\r\n<p>Since 2009, he has been working at Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery. He received the title of Associate Professor in 2011. In 2019, Dr. Nas\u0131r became a Professor and continues to work as a faculty member in this position.<\/p>\r\n<a href=\"\/en\/about-me\/\" class=\"button white\" style=\"border-radius:5px;\">\n\t\t<span>View More<\/span>\n\t<\/a>\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1329322941 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -10px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1371983440 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 30px 25px 0px 25px;\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n  border-radius: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_368647293 {\n  padding-top: 0px;\n  padding-bottom: 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1935804996\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1569091626\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1659119045\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_89 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #ffffff;color:#ffffff\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/pressure-ulcer-decubitus-treatment\/#What_Is_Pressure_Ulcer_Decubitus_Treatment\" >What Is Pressure Ulcer (Decubitus) Treatment?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/pressure-ulcer-decubitus-treatment\/#Why_Do_Pressure_Ulcers_Occur_and_What_Happens_in_Our_Skin\" >Why Do Pressure Ulcers Occur and What Happens in Our Skin?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/pressure-ulcer-decubitus-treatment\/#Which_Factors_Make_Pressure_Ulcers_More_Likely\" >Which Factors Make Pressure Ulcers More Likely?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/pressure-ulcer-decubitus-treatment\/#How_Are_Pressure_Ulcer_Stages_Identified\" >How Are Pressure Ulcer Stages Identified?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/pressure-ulcer-decubitus-treatment\/#What_Adjustments_Should_Be_Made_Before_Surgery\" >What Adjustments Should Be Made Before Surgery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/pressure-ulcer-decubitus-treatment\/#Which_Foods_Should_Be_Consumed_During_the_Nutrition_Process\" >Which Foods Should Be Consumed During the Nutrition Process?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/pressure-ulcer-decubitus-treatment\/#What_Is_Flap_Surgery_Used_in_Pressure_Ulcer_Reconstruction\" >What Is Flap Surgery Used in Pressure Ulcer Reconstruction?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/pressure-ulcer-decubitus-treatment\/#Which_Areas_Are_Most_Commonly_Affected_by_Pressure_Ulcers\" >Which Areas Are Most Commonly Affected by Pressure Ulcers?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/pressure-ulcer-decubitus-treatment\/#How_Is_Tailbone_Pressure_Ulcer_Treated\" >How Is Tailbone Pressure Ulcer Treated?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/pressure-ulcer-decubitus-treatment\/#Is_Ischial_Pressure_Ulcer_Reconstruction_Difficult\" >Is Ischial Pressure Ulcer Reconstruction Difficult?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/pressure-ulcer-decubitus-treatment\/#What_Is_the_%E2%80%9C21-Day_Rule%E2%80%9D_in_Postoperative_Recovery\" >What Is the \u201c21-Day Rule\u201d in Postoperative Recovery?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/pressure-ulcer-decubitus-treatment\/#How_Is_the_Postoperative_Sitting_Protocol_Applied\" >How Is the Postoperative Sitting Protocol Applied?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/pressure-ulcer-decubitus-treatment\/#Do_Pressure_Ulcers_Recur\" >Do Pressure Ulcers Recur?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/pressure-ulcer-decubitus-treatment\/#Which_Measures_Should_Be_Taken_for_Prevention\" >Which Measures Should Be Taken for Prevention?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/pressure-ulcer-decubitus-treatment\/#What_Are_the_Responsibilities_of_Caregivers\" >What Are the Responsibilities of Caregivers?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/reconstructive-surgery\/pressure-ulcer-decubitus-treatment\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions\" >Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_Pressure_Ulcer_Decubitus_Treatment\"><\/span>What Is Pressure Ulcer (Decubitus) Treatment?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Pressure ulcer (decubitus) treatment is the set of medical approaches aimed at healing wounds that develop in the skin and underlying tissues due to prolonged pressure. Treatment includes relieving pressure, providing regular wound care, controlling infection, using appropriate dressing products, and performing surgical procedures when needed. In addition, improving the patient\u2019s nutritional status and ensuring regular repositioning are critical for the healing process.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Do_Pressure_Ulcers_Occur_and_What_Happens_in_Our_Skin\"><\/span>Why Do Pressure Ulcers Occur and What Happens in Our Skin?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The basic mechanism of pressure ulcers is actually based on the laws of physics. Every tissue in our body needs blood\u2014oxygen and nutrients\u2014to survive. The smallest vessels that carry blood, the capillaries, have a certain internal pressure. If external pressure exceeds this internal pressure, blood flow in that area stops. You can compare this to stepping on a garden hose while watering; just as the flow of water stops, blood flow stops in the tissue trapped between a bony prominence and the bed.<\/p>\n<p>Even in sleep, a healthy person senses pressure and the brain triggers an automatic change of position. However, in paralyzed, elderly, or sensory-impaired patients, this warning system does not work. This is where the danger begins. Tissue that does not receive blood is deprived of oxygen and nutrients, and cells slowly start to die.<\/p>\n<p>There is an important detail here: muscle tissue is much less tolerant of oxygen deprivation than the skin. So while you may see only mild redness on the surface, the muscle tissue closer to the bone may already be dying. This is why sometimes a huge cavity can exist beneath a small opening. In addition to direct pressure, \u201cfriction\u201d and \u201cshear\u201d forces\u2014caused when a patient slides down in bed\u2014can tear small vessels inside the tissue and accelerate the process.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_Factors_Make_Pressure_Ulcers_More_Likely\"><\/span>Which Factors Make Pressure Ulcers More Likely?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Immobility is certainly the greatest enemy, but it is not the only culprit. The patient\u2019s overall health status is the main factor determining whether a wound develops. When the body\u2019s resistance decreases, the skin\u2019s ability to withstand pressure also diminishes.<\/p>\n<p>Key factors that increase the risk of pressure ulcers include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Spinal cord injuries<\/li>\n<li>Advanced age<\/li>\n<li>Diabetes<\/li>\n<li>Smoking<\/li>\n<li>Heart failure<\/li>\n<li>Poor nutrition<\/li>\n<li>Severe underweight<\/li>\n<li>Obesity<\/li>\n<li>Urinary incontinence<\/li>\n<li>Prolonged intensive care stays<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Are_Pressure_Ulcer_Stages_Identified\"><\/span>How Are Pressure Ulcer Stages Identified?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>We evaluate these wounds in four stages based on severity. This staging is the most important guide that helps us decide which treatment to apply.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Stage 1: This stage is essentially the body\u2019s \u201cHelp!\u201d signal. Skin integrity is intact and no open wound is present. However, when you press on the red area (for example the heel or tailbone) and release, the redness does not blanch. Normally it turns white briefly and then the color returns. In Stage 1, the redness persists. Surgery is not needed, and it can be reversed with excellent care.<\/li>\n<li>Stage 2: The surface of the skin is now damaged. There may be a blister (bulla) or a shallow crater-like abrasion. The top layer of skin has peeled. It may be painful. This stage usually heals with proper dressings and pressure relief.<\/li>\n<li>Stage 3: This is where things become serious. There is full-thickness skin loss. When you look into the wound, you can see subcutaneous fat tissue. The wound is deep, but bone or muscles are not yet exposed. Infection risk generally increases at this stage.<\/li>\n<li>Stage 4: This is the most severe condition. Bone, muscle, tendon, or joint capsule can be seen at the base of the wound. It is often accompanied by foul odor, discharge, and black necrotic tissue. This stage can be life-threatening and usually requires surgical intervention.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Adjustments_Should_Be_Made_Before_Surgery\"><\/span>What Adjustments Should Be Made Before Surgery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>One of the most common misconceptions I encounter as a plastic surgeon is the expectation that the patient should be taken to surgery immediately upon arrival. However, pressure ulcer surgery is not an emergency, unprepared procedure like an appendectomy. You cannot build a new floor on a building with a weak foundation; first, we must strengthen the foundation.<\/p>\n<p>The first thing we assess while preparing a patient for surgery is nutritional values. Especially if the blood protein level \u201calbumin\u201d is low, no matter how perfect the sutures are, the wound will not heal. Anemia should be corrected. In addition, if the patient has uncontrolled muscle spasms (spasticity), these must be controlled with medication or physical therapy. Because severe spasms can tear apart the reconstructed tissue.<\/p>\n<p>The wound bed must also be clean. We cannot close an infected, inflamed wound filled with dead tissue. Therefore, before surgery we sometimes apply special dressings or negative pressure vacuum therapy for weeks. Our goal is to \u201cprepare\u201d the wound\u2014creating a well-vascularized, viable, and clean base.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_Foods_Should_Be_Consumed_During_the_Nutrition_Process\"><\/span>Which Foods Should Be Consumed During the Nutrition Process?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Wound healing requires enormous energy. The body turns into a construction site and this construction needs bricks and mortar. The regular diet of a healthy person is not enough for patients in a wound healing period.<\/p>\n<p>Nutrition should emphasize:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Eggs<\/li>\n<li>Red meat<\/li>\n<li>Fish<\/li>\n<li>Dairy products<\/li>\n<li>Legumes<\/li>\n<li>Fruits rich in vitamin C<\/li>\n<li>Green leafy vegetables<\/li>\n<li>Zinc supplements<\/li>\n<li>Plenty of water<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1659119045 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -45px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1935804996 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1758567702\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1899131233\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1549213913\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"is-border\"\n\t\tstyle=\"border-color:rgb(33, 51, 96);border-radius:10px;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;\">\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row align-middle\"  id=\"row-664827821\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1530138817\" class=\"col medium-8 small-12 large-8\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"text-515313629\" class=\"text\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<div><strong>Contact us to get information about treatments and create an appointment!<\/strong><\/div>\r\n\t\t\n<style>\n#text-515313629 {\n  font-size: 1.25rem;\n  text-align: center;\n  color: #213360;\n}\n#text-515313629 > * {\n  color: #213360;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #text-515313629 {\n    text-align: left;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1076336044\" class=\"col medium-4 small-12 large-4\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner text-right\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/api.whatsapp.com\/send\/?phone=905330852159\" class=\"button success\" style=\"border-radius:5px;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\t\t<span>Contact via WhatsApp<\/span>\n\t<i class=\"icon-whatsapp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/a>\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1549213913 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 30px 15px 0px 15px;\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-1549213913 > .col-inner {\n    padding: 30px 20px 0px 20px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1758567702 {\n  padding-top: 0px;\n  padding-bottom: 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_697290290\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1034316821\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-598161790\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_Flap_Surgery_Used_in_Pressure_Ulcer_Reconstruction\"><\/span>What Is Flap Surgery Used in Pressure Ulcer Reconstruction?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Now we come to the surgical part. Pressure ulcer reconstruction is not simply \u201cbringing the wound edges together and stitching,\u201d as commonly believed. Since there is tissue loss, it is impossible to pull the edges together; even if you could, the sutures would fail quickly due to tension. The procedure we perform is called \u201cFlap Surgery.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Flap surgery means lifting a living piece of tissue\u2014fed by its own vascular system\u2014from a nearby or more distant area and transferring it to the defect. This is not a \u201cpatch,\u201d because a patch (graft) is only a thin layer of skin and cannot be placed over exposed bone. A flap is thick, robust, and living tissue that includes skin, subcutaneous fat, and sometimes muscle.<\/p>\n<p>During surgery, we first remove dead tissue, infected pockets, and if present, compromised bone parts. We smooth sharp bony edges so they do not pierce the new tissue from inside. Then we advance or rotate the prepared living tissue like a puzzle piece to cover the wound.<\/p>\n<p>In the past, muscle-containing flaps were used frequently. Today, however, we prefer a more modern approach called the \u201cperforator flap.\u201d In this technique, instead of sacrificing muscle, we identify the small perforating vessels running through the muscle and transfer only the overlying skin and fat. This allows the patient to recover from the wound without losing muscle strength.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_Areas_Are_Most_Commonly_Affected_by_Pressure_Ulcers\"><\/span>Which Areas Are Most Commonly Affected by Pressure Ulcers?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The locations of pressure ulcers vary depending on the patient\u2019s lying or sitting position. Areas where bony prominences are closest to the skin are always the primary candidates.<\/p>\n<p>The most common regions include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tailbone (sacrum\/coccyx)<\/li>\n<li>Sitting bones (ischial tuberosities)<\/li>\n<li>Lateral hip prominences<\/li>\n<li>Heels<\/li>\n<li>Shoulder blades<\/li>\n<li>Elbows<\/li>\n<li>Back of the head<\/li>\n<li>Outer ear<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Is_Tailbone_Pressure_Ulcer_Treated\"><\/span>How Is Tailbone Pressure Ulcer Treated?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Tailbone (sacral) ulcers are typically seen in patients lying on their back and are the most common type we encounter. This region carries a higher infection risk due to proximity to urinary and fecal contamination, and it also experiences significant tension because it lies near the body\u2019s midline.<\/p>\n<p>For reconstruction, we usually use tissue prepared from the gluteal area. The fullness of the buttock acts as an excellent cushion over bone. After closing the wound, the goal is not only to cover the skin but also to create a thick barrier between the bone and the outside world. If the patient is ambulatory, we try to avoid cutting the gluteal muscle. If the patient is bedridden, we may also use part of the muscle as additional bulk.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_Ischial_Pressure_Ulcer_Reconstruction_Difficult\"><\/span>Is Ischial Pressure Ulcer Reconstruction Difficult?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Yes\u2014this group is often the most challenging and has the highest recurrence risk. Ischial ulcers are commonly seen in paraplegic patients who use wheelchairs. Consider that, while sitting, the entire body weight is concentrated on two small bony points. The pressure is so high that even transferred healthy tissue may fail if strict precautions are not followed.<\/p>\n<p>For reconstruction, we typically use tissues from the posterior thigh region. Sometimes we include muscle, and sometimes we transfer only skin-fat tissue. Postoperatively, sitting is prohibited for a long period.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Is_the_%E2%80%9C21-Day_Rule%E2%80%9D_in_Postoperative_Recovery\"><\/span>What Is the \u201c21-Day Rule\u201d in Postoperative Recovery?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>I always tell my patients: \u201cSurgery was the easiest part\u2014now the real challenge begins.\u201d Because the success of this surgery depends 100% on postoperative care. Our golden rule is the \u201c21-Day Rule.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>No pressure should be applied to the operated area for at least 3 weeks (21 days). If you had surgery on the tailbone, you must lie face down or on your side for 3 weeks. Lying on your back is strictly forbidden\u2014even during meals.<\/p>\n<p>Why 21 days? Because the transferred tissue needs this time to adhere securely, the vessels need to heal, and the suture lines need to strengthen. Any early pressure or a wrong movement can cause the sutures to fail and the wound to reopen\u2014often larger than before.<\/p>\n<p>We also use thin tubes called \u201cdrains\u201d to prevent blood and fluid accumulation in the surgical area. These drains remove fluid and help the tissue adhere. They usually remain in place for 5\u20137 days until the output decreases.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-598161790 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -45px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_697290290 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1045798877\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1200832510\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1259711793\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t<div class=\"is-border\"\n\t\tstyle=\"border-color:rgb(33, 51, 96);border-radius:10px;border-width:2px 2px 2px 2px;\">\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-385952094\">\r\n\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-933347120\" class=\"col medium-7 small-12 large-7\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"text-3567237717\" class=\"text\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Contact Us!<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\t\t\n<style>\n#text-3567237717 {\n  font-size: 2rem;\n  text-align: center;\n  color: #1f437b;\n}\n#text-3567237717 > * {\n  color: #1f437b;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #text-3567237717 {\n    text-align: left;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\t<div id=\"text-1186785345\" class=\"text\">\n\t\t\r\n\r\n<div>Contact us to get information about treatments and create an appointment!<\/div>\r\n\t\t\n<style>\n#text-1186785345 {\n  font-size: 1.25rem;\n  text-align: center;\n  color: #2d304e;\n}\n#text-1186785345 > * {\n  color: #2d304e;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #text-1186785345 {\n    text-align: left;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-933347120 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px 0px 0px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-933347120 > .col-inner {\n    margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1690325391\" class=\"col medium-5 small-12 large-5\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\r\n\r\n\n<div class=\"wpcf7 no-js\" id=\"wpcf7-f1791-o1\" lang=\"en-US\" dir=\"ltr\" data-wpcf7-id=\"1791\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-response\"><p role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/p> <ul><\/ul><\/div>\n<form action=\"\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2217#wpcf7-f1791-o1\" method=\"post\" class=\"wpcf7-form init\" aria-label=\"Contact form\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\">\n<fieldset class=\"hidden-fields-container\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7\" value=\"1791\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_version\" value=\"6.2.3\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_locale\" value=\"en_US\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_unit_tag\" value=\"wpcf7-f1791-o1\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_container_post\" value=\"0\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_posted_data_hash\" value=\"\" \/>\n<\/fieldset>\n<div class=\"randevu-form\">\n\t<div class=\"form-row\">\n\t\t<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"text-340\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" autocomplete=\"name\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Full Name\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"text-340\" \/><\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"tel-10\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-tel wpcf7-validates-as-required wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-tel\" autocomplete=\"name\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Phone\" value=\"\" type=\"tel\" name=\"tel-10\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"form-full\">\n\t\t<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"text-342\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" autocomplete=\"name\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Briefly write the subject\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"text-342\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<p><button type=\"submit\">Create Appointment<\/button>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/div><p style=\"display: none !important;\" class=\"akismet-fields-container\" data-prefix=\"_wpcf7_ak_\"><label>&#916;<textarea name=\"_wpcf7_ak_hp_textarea\" cols=\"45\" rows=\"8\" maxlength=\"100\"><\/textarea><\/label><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"ak_js_1\" name=\"_wpcf7_ak_js\" value=\"173\"\/><script>\ndocument.getElementById( \"ak_js_1\" ).setAttribute( \"value\", ( new Date() ).getTime() );\n<\/script>\n<\/p><div class=\"wpcf7-response-output\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1690325391 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -20px 0px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-1690325391 > .col-inner {\n    margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1259711793 > .col-inner {\n  padding: 30px 15px 0px 15px;\n  margin: 0px 0px -30px 0px;\n}\n@media (min-width:550px) {\n  #col-1259711793 > .col-inner {\n    padding: 30px 20px 0px 20px;\n  }\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1045798877 {\n  padding-top: 0px;\n  padding-bottom: 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n\t<section class=\"section\" id=\"section_1238566343\">\n\t\t<div class=\"section-bg fill\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\n\t\t<div class=\"section-content relative\">\n\t\t\t\n<div class=\"row\"  id=\"row-1130439460\">\n\n\t<div id=\"col-1127835509\" class=\"col small-12 large-12\"  >\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"col-inner\"  >\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Is_the_Postoperative_Sitting_Protocol_Applied\"><\/span>How Is the Postoperative Sitting Protocol Applied?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>After the 21-day bed rest period ends, we cannot immediately place the patient in a wheelchair and say \u201cGo for a ride.\u201d The tissue must be gradually conditioned to pressure. This is called the \u201cSitting Protocol.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The steps of this protocol are:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Day 1: Sit for only 15 minutes<\/li>\n<li>Skin check and rest<\/li>\n<li>Day 2: Sit for 30 minutes<\/li>\n<li>Re-check the wound area<\/li>\n<li>Day 3: Sit for 45 minutes<\/li>\n<li>Increase by 15 minutes each day<\/li>\n<li>If redness occurs, return to the previous duration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Do_Pressure_Ulcers_Recur\"><\/span>Do Pressure Ulcers Recur?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Unfortunately, yes. In fact, when we look at the medical literature, recurrence rates are quite high. This is not due to surgeon failure or a \u201cbad surgery.\u201d The reason is that the conditions that caused the wound in the first place often still exist. The patient may still be immobile and may still have sensory loss. If the patient returns to old habits, neglects repositioning, or worsens nutrition after surgery, recurrence becomes inevitable.<\/p>\n<p>As surgeons, we restore the lost tissue and repair the area. But protecting that reconstructed site depends entirely on the patient and caregivers. Surgery is not a \u201chappy ending\u201d\u2014it is the beginning of a new life that requires greater attention.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Which_Measures_Should_Be_Taken_for_Prevention\"><\/span>Which Measures Should Be Taken for Prevention?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Treating pressure ulcers is difficult, costly, and time-consuming. Preventing them is far easier. \u201cPrevention is better than treatment\u201d is perhaps nowhere more true than here.<\/p>\n<p>To prevent pressure ulcers:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Regular repositioning<\/li>\n<li>Use of an alternating air mattress<\/li>\n<li>Using silicone or gel cushions<\/li>\n<li>Daily skin inspection<\/li>\n<li>Moisturizing cream use<\/li>\n<li>High-protein nutrition<\/li>\n<li>Plenty of water intake<\/li>\n<li>Smoking cessation<\/li>\n<li>Attention to urinary hygiene<\/li>\n<li>Keeping bed sheets taut and wrinkle-free<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Are_the_Responsibilities_of_Caregivers\"><\/span>What Are the Responsibilities of Caregivers?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The greatest burden in this process often falls on caregivers and family members. You should examine the patient\u2019s skin every day as if inspecting a precious jewel. Using a mirror, check the tailbone and heels. Take even the slightest redness seriously. Saying \u201cIt will pass by tomorrow\u201d is the biggest mistake. The moment you see redness, you must completely remove pressure from that area.<\/p>\n<p>Repositioning is not a chore\u2014it is a life-saving necessity. Even during nighttime sleep, the patient\u2019s position should be changed. Relying only on an air mattress and stopping repositioning is a major mistake; the mattress is only an aid, and the real work is done by repositioning.<\/p>\n\t<div id=\"text-3079098310\" class=\"text\">\n\t\t\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\t\t\n<style>\n#text-3079098310 {\n  font-size: 1.25rem;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<div class=\"accordion\">\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3703299606\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3703299606-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-is-a-pressure-ulcer-and-why-does-it-occur?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3703299606-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>What is a pressure ulcer and why does it occur?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3703299606-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3703299606-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>A pressure ulcer develops when prolonged pressure disrupts blood flow to the skin and underlying tissues. It is more common in bedridden patients and those with limited mobility.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-574766251\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-574766251-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-where-do-pressure-ulcers-most-commonly-occur?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-574766251-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Where do pressure ulcers most commonly occur?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-574766251-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-574766251-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>They most often occur over bony prominences such as the sacrum (tailbone), hip, heel, back, and elbow. Prolonged sitting or lying increases risk in these areas.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-70498007\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-70498007-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-many-stages-are-pressure-ulcers-classified-into?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-70498007-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How many stages are pressure ulcers classified into?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-70498007-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-70498007-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Pressure ulcers are staged from 1 to 4. The process can progress from mild redness to advanced stages where skin and muscle are severely damaged and bone becomes exposed.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3050295022\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3050295022-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-is-surgical-reconstruction-necessary-in-advanced-stage-pressure-ulcers?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3050295022-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Is surgical reconstruction necessary in advanced-stage pressure ulcers?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3050295022-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3050295022-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Yes. In Stage 3 and Stage 4 pressure ulcers, surgical treatment becomes necessary. Dead tissue is removed (debridement) and the wound is closed using skin grafting or flap surgery.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-410168129\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-410168129-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-is-a-pressure-ulcer-closed-with-the-flap-method?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-410168129-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How is a pressure ulcer closed with the flap method?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-410168129-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-410168129-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>A durable, well-vascularized tissue segment is advanced or transferred to the wound area. This method closes the wound and makes the region more resistant to pressure.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2404571622\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2404571622-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-can-a-pressure-ulcer-develop-again-after-surgery?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2404571622-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Can a pressure ulcer develop again after surgery?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2404571622-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2404571622-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>If proper positioning, skin care, and pressure-relieving measures are not followed, pressure ulcers can recur. Surgical success is directly related to postoperative care.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3302015181\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3302015181-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-what-should-be-considered-to-accelerate-wound-healing?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3302015181-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>What should be considered to accelerate wound healing?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3302015181-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3302015181-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Adequate protein and calorie intake, infection and glucose control, pressure-relieving mattresses, regular repositioning, and proper wound care help accelerate healing.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-3569176936\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-3569176936-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-will-there-be-scarring-after-pressure-ulcer-reconstruction?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-3569176936-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Will there be scarring after pressure ulcer reconstruction?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-3569176936-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-3569176936-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Scarring may occur, but the priority is safe wound closure and preventing recurrence. Flap surgery focuses more on functional healing than aesthetic concerns.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2872528582\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2872528582-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-is-physical-therapy-needed-after-reconstruction?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2872528582-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>Is physical therapy needed after reconstruction?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2872528582-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2872528582-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Yes. Physical therapy and professional care support are important to improve mobility and prevent new pressure ulcers from developing in the same region.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div id=\"accordion-2846385759\" class=\"accordion-item\">\n\t\t<a id=\"accordion-2846385759-label\" class=\"accordion-title plain\" href=\"#accordion-item-how-do-pressure-ulcers-affect-patients-psychologically?\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"accordion-2846385759-content\">\n\t\t\t<button class=\"toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle\"><i class=\"icon-angle-down\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/button>\n\t\t\t<span>How do pressure ulcers affect patients psychologically?<\/span>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<div id=\"accordion-2846385759-content\" class=\"accordion-inner\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-2846385759-label\">\n\t\t\t\n<p>Prolonged bed rest, pain, odor, and social isolation can cause depression and loss of self-confidence. Psychological support is an important part of recovery.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n<style>\n#col-1127835509 > .col-inner {\n  margin: 0px 0px -45px 0px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n<style>\n#section_1238566343 {\n  padding-top: 30px;\n  padding-bottom: 30px;\n}\n<\/style>\n\t<\/section>\n\t\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2216,"parent":2199,"menu_order":9,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-blank.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2217","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2217","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2217"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2217\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2263,"href":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2217\/revisions\/2263"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2199"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2216"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/serdarnasir.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}